Biology Class 9 - PDF Book
Sindh Text Book Board
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY (1)
CHAPTER 2 SOLVING A BIOLOGICAL PROBLEM (18)
CHAPTER 3 BIODIVERSITY (29)
CHAPTER CELLS AND TISSUES (51)
CHAPTER 5 CELL CYCLE (92)
CHAPTER ENZYMES (107)
CHAPTER 7 BIOENERGETICS (118)
CHAPTER 8 NUTRITION (138)
CHAPTER 9 TRANSPORT (174)
Preface
The century we have stepped in, is the century of Biology. The modern
disciplines Biology are strongly influencing not only all the branches of science
but each and every aspect human life.
To keep the students. abreast with the recent knowledge, it is a must that the
curricula, at all the levels, be updated regularly by introducing the rapid and
multidirectional development taking place in all the branches of Biology.
The recent book of Biology for class IX has been written in this preview and in
accordance with the revised curriculum prepared by Ministry of Education, Govt
of Pakistan, Islamabad reviewed by independent team of Bureau of Curriculum,
Jamshoro sindh. Keeping in view of the importance of Biology, the topics have
been revised and re-written according to the need of the time.
Since long Biology was teaching only in IX class, the text book was consist of
19 chapters which was unable to complete in working hours. it has been decided
now the Biology syllabus will be divided into portions, one should teach in 9th
class and other will teach 10th class. So this book is consist of 9 chapters which
have been thoroughly revised and re-written to meet the requirement of the
curriculum. Special emphasis has also been paid to the applied aspect including
the biological problems of daily life. Attention has also been focused on the
causes and preventive measures of the common disorders of the human body.
Being agriculture country, the agriculture aspects and problems of country are
also discussed.
Among the new editions are the introductory paragraphs, information
boxes, summaries and a variety of extensive exercises which I think will not only
develop the interest but also add a lot to the utility of the book.
The Sind Textbook Board has taken great pains and incurred expenditure in
publishing this book inspite to its limitations. A textbook is indeed not the last
word and there is always room for improvement. While the authors have tried
their level best to make the most suitable presentation, both in terms ot concept
and treatment, there may still have some deficiencies and omissions. Learned
teachers and worthy students are, therefore, requested to be kind enough to
point out the short comings of the text or diagrams and to communicate their
suggestions and objections for the improvement of the next edition of this book.
In the end, I am thankful to our learned authors, editors and specialist of
Board for their relentless service rendered for the cause of education.
Chairman
Sindh Textbook Board
Branches of Biology:
Modern biology deals with the structure, function and many other
descriptions of living things. Advance research during the 20th Century
has led to the division of biology into specialized branches. Some
important branches are defined below:
Morphology (Gr. morph; form, logos; discourse): The study of
external form and structure of organisms.
ii) Anatomy (Gr. ana; part/up, tome; cutting): The study of internal
parts of body of living organisms by cutting them open.
11) Cell biology (L. cells, compartment, Gk. Bios= life; logos;
discourse): The study of cell and its organelle.
iv) Histology (Gr. histos: tissue; logos, discourse): The study of
structure of tissues of plant and animals.
(v) Physiology (Gr. physics; nature, logos, discourse): The study about
functions of living organisms.
vi) Taxonomy (Gr. taxis, arrangement, nomos: name): The study of
the rules, principles, grouping and naming the living organisms.
(vii) Genetics (Gr. genesis; descent, origin): The study of heredity, that
is transferring of characters from parents to offspring.
(vii) Developmental biology (Gr. embryon; embryo, logos, discourse):
The study of formation and development of embryo.
x) Environmental biology: The study of relationship between living
organisms and non-living factors of environment and their effects
on each other.
Paleontology (Gr. palaios; ancient, ontos; being, logos: discourse):
The study of remote past organic life, with the help of fossils.
Xi) Biotechnology: The study about techniques for manipulination of
gene to bring the changes in structure and location of genes to
achieve desireable characters is called biotechnology.
(xii) Socio-biology (L. sociare; to associate,): The study of social
behavior of living organisms. i.e interaction between themselves.
(xii) Parasitology (Gr. para; up): The study of parasites.
(xiv) Pharmacology (Gr. pharmakon, drug;). The study about action
of drugs.
(xv Molecular biology: The study of organic molecules which
constitute cell and its organelles.
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